If you create templates for the college's web site, please keep in mind that the web pages must be designed to be accessible, well-structured, and easily maintained. Below are some general guidelines to help you with this process along with some helpful tools.
Div Tags for Sectional Structure
Be sure to use div tags to specify the different sections within the web page. Typically, a page consists of these sections:
- Container
- Header
- Navigation - Primary
- Navigation - Secondary
- Content
- Footer
Page Title
The page title is what is displayed in the browser’s tab for that web page. The code is located in the head section of the HTML page.
Example:
<title>Penn State Behrend</title>
Heading Tags (H1, H2, etc.) for Content Structure
Code for the heading tags is contained within the body section of the HTML page. Typically:
- h1 – used for page heading
- h2 – used for navigation
- h3 – used for page title
- h4 through h6 – used for other sections
Also, check for proper nesting of tags. One possible tool is W3C's Markup Validation Service. (Click Options, then check the “Show Outline” box)
Skip to Content Link
Include a skip-to-content link to make it easier for screen readers to navigate to the main content of a web page. See WebAIM's "Skip Navigation" Links for instructions.
Images
Include alt text for all images that are conveying a message. For decorative images, use the null value for the alt text attribute.
Fonts
Text size needs to be specified in “ems”.
Color
Luminosity Contrast: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/juicy-studio-accessibili…
Other Contrast Checkers: http://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker
Javascript
Verify that page is functional if turned off:
http://webaim.org/techniques/javascript
Broken Links
Link Checker:
http://validator.w3.org/checklink
Accessibility Testing (Overall)
http://fae.cita.uiuc.edu
http://wave.webaim.org
http://achecker.ca/checker/index.php
Screen Reader Test:
JAWS, NVDA (http://www.nvaccess.org), VoiceOver (Mac)
CSS
Optimize: http://www.cleancss.com/
CSS Usage (Firebug add-in/Export clean CSS)
Validate: http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator
Mobile Devices
Validate:
http://validator.w3.org/mobile
Emulators:
http://www.mobilephoneemulator.com
http://www.mobilemoxie.com/mobile-tools/mobile-website-emulator/
Browser Testing
Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome
Mac – Firefox, Safari, Chrome
Lynx: http://www.yellowpipe.com/yis/tools/lynx/
lynx_viewer.php